Blood transfusions may be given for anemia low counts of healthy red blood cells. Antibiotics are used to prevent or fight infections. Giving first aid to radiation victims may expose rescue personnel to radiation unless they are properly protected.
Victims must be decontaminated so that they do not cause radiation injury to others. Hryhorczuk D, Theobald JL. Radiation injuries. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Sundaram T. Radiation dose and safety considerations in imaging. Radiology Secrets Plus. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap 7.
Updated by: Jacob L. Editorial team. Radiation sickness. There are two main types of radiation: nonionizing and ionizing. Nonionizing radiation comes in the form of light, radio waves, microwaves and radar. This led to at least workers developing serious radiation sickness and caused 28 deaths. How many Sieverts can kill you? For example, a single one sievert 1, mSv dose causes radiation sickness such as nausea, vomiting, hemorrhaging, but not death.
A single dose of 5 sieverts would kill about half of those exposed to it within a month. How do you calculate Roentgen? One roentgen is equal to 2. A radiation absorbed dose, or rad, is equal to the absorption of ergs of energy per gram of absorbing material and is the traditional unit of absorbed dose. The gray Gy is the unit of absorbed dose in the SI system. How much radiation is a Curie? One curie 1 Ci is equal to 3.
In the becquerel replaced the curie as the official radiation unit in the International System of Units SI. How many grays is lethal? A whole-body acute exposure to 5 grays or more of high-energy radiation usually leads to death within 14 days. Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment.
NORM Who? All rights reserved. The average exposure in the United States, from natural sources of radiation mostly cosmic radiation and radon , is millirems per year at sea level. Radiation exposure is slightly higher at higher elevations-thus the exposure in Denver averages millirems per year. According to McGraw-Hill's Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, a Rem is a unit of ionizing radiation equal to the amount that produces the same damage to humans as one roentgen of high-voltage x-rays.
The name is derived from "Roentgen equivalent man. All of these limits are for the amount of radiation exposure in addition to background radiation and medical radiation. Radiation workers wear badges made of photographic film which indicate the exposure to radiation.
Readings typically are taken monthly. A federal advisory committee recommends that the lifetime exposure be limited to a person's age multiplied by 1, millirems example: for a year-old person, 65, millirems. This was established in and reviewed as recently as New federal regulations went into effect New Year's Day, establishing for the first time an exposure limit for the embryo or fetus of a pregnant woman exposed to radiation at work.
The limit for the gestation period is millirems, with a recommendation that the exposure of a fetus be no more than 50 millirems per month. Like alcohol intoxication levels, levels of exposure to radioactivity due to radioactivity deposited in the body depend on a person's weight. A diagnostic tracer of one microcurie of radioactive calcium 45, given orally, would result in an exposure of 3.
Therapeutic radiation treatment that is delivered by administering radioactive material via the mouth or by injection usually results in high, very localized doses to a small part of the body, which absorbs most of the radioactivity. The radioactivity concentrates and remains in the target organ for example, the thyroid for a longer period of time than does the radioactivity that is distributed to the rest of the body. The radiation exposure for other parts of the body is a function of the amount of radioactivity per pound and the time the radioactivity is present in the tissue.
For example, a hyperthyroid problem such as that experienced by former President George Bush is typically treated with a radioactive iodine drink designed to deliver about 10,, millirems of radioactive iodine to the thyroid.
It would coincidentally deliver a dose to the rest of the body of about 20, millirems.
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