Completed by Leonardo da Vinci in , this iconic painting can be spotted in the refectory of the Santa Maria della Grazie church in Milan. Contrary to popular belief, The Last Supper is not a fresco, but a wall painting crafted using a technique called tempera — a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of coloured pigments mixed with a water-soluble.
This is due to a mixture of factors, including environmental, intentional damage and the paintings foundations. As many people know, the Last Supper was not painted on any old canvas or background, but actually a wall. The wall of the Santa Maria delle Garzie dining hall in Milan. The painting was to be the centre piece of the mausoleum as commissioned by Prince Sforza. Unfortunately the painting was at risk from the beginning as Sfroza had ordered the church to be built too hastily, leading the walls to be filled with moisture-retaining rubble.
Leonardo worked on the painting on a thin exterior wall, which meant the effects of humidity were felt keenly, and the paint failed to properly adhere to it. This meant that even before the painting was completed in , it has already begun to deteriorate, and as early as it started to flake. At present, the management board allows just 1, people to visit the Last Supper each day.
While one-time slot permits 25 visitors to marvel at the painting for 15 minutes, this method was devised to put a check on dust particles brought by visitors, which in turn, accelerate the deterioration process.
Ludwig H. His aim was to capture the emotions of each of the apostles in that dramatic moment. Here, di Vinci has group the apostles in threes with Jesus at the center, which creates an image of a triangle. There are three windows behind Christ, through which we can see a wide landscape.
Each apostle can be identified by specific attributes. He reaches toward a plate beside Christ as recounted in Matthew 26 and he clutches a purse of money—the reward for his betrayal.
Over the centuries, the painting suffered additional damage. Due to its poor condition, the painting underwent a major restoration that began in Still, some praised the recovery of many details, like the food on the table and the facial expressions.
It is one of the world's most recognizable paintings. The work is presumed to have been started around —96 and was commissioned as part of a plan of renovations to the church and its convent buildings by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. The painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles, as it is told in the Gospel of John, Leonardo has depicted the consternation that occurred among the Twelve Disciples when Jesus announced that one of them would betray him.
Due to the methods used, a variety of environmental factors, and intentional damage, very little of the original painting remains today despite numerous restoration attempts, the last being completed in The theme was a traditional one for refectories, although the room was not a refectory at the time that Leonardo painted it. The main church building had only recently been completed in , but was remodeled by Bramante, hired by Ludovico Sforza to build a Sforza family mausoleum.
The painting was commissioned by Sforza to be the centerpiece of the mausoleum. The lunettes above the main painting, formed by the triple arched ceiling of the refectory, are painted with Sforza coats-of-arms. The opposite wall of the refectory is covered by the Crucifixion fresco by Giovanni Donato da Montorfano, to which Leonardo added figures of the Sforza family in tempera. These figures have deteriorated in much the same way as has The Last Supper.
Leonardo began work on The Last Supper in and completed it in —he did not work on the painting continuously. The beginning date is not certain, as the archives of the convent for the period have been destroyed, and a document dated indicates that the painting was nearly completed at that date.
One story goes that a prior from the monastery complained to Leonardo about the delay, enraging him.
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