The next layers are the sub-mucosa, which contains nerves and blood vessels, and the muscularis, which contains smooth muscle. The outermost layer is the serosa, which secretes a fluid to reduce friction from smooth muscle contraction. The ascending colon is located on the right side of the abdomen. It receives the digesting food from the small intestine. At its start, it is connected to the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine.
At its end, the ascending colon makes a left turn where it meets the second part of the colon, the transverse colon. The transverse colon goes from right to left across the abdomen.
Variations and birth defects in the ascending colon are not common. Malrotations of the colon, where the intestine becomes twisted, are usually discovered in newborns because they often cause digestive symptoms. Surgery is used to correct the problem. The way blood is supplied to the parts of the colon has some variations in the branching of the arteries. The artery that supplies the right colon is the superior mesenteric artery.
There have been rare case reports of the blood supply instead coming from the inferior mesenteric artery. The colon is a hollow tube, and waste material stool passes through it on its way out of the body through the anus. The purpose of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from the stool. Most vitamins and minerals are absorbed in the small intestine. When the waste passes from the small intestine and into the cecum, it is mixed with various types of bacteria.
This bacteria further breaks down the waste and helps the absorption of a few more vitamins, such as vitamins K, B1, B2, and B Water is absorbed from the waste material as it passes through the colon, turning it from mostly liquid into solid stool. There are several diseases and conditions that can affect the ascending colon.
The other parts of the colon might be affected by these conditions as well. Colon cancer can begin in the ascending colon. It is often not found until the cancer is advanced because it may not cause any symptoms. When stool passes through the ascending colon, it has just come from the small intestine, and it is mostly liquid.
It can therefore bypass a growing tumor that is partially blocking the colon. Colon polyps are stalk-like growths that occur on the inner intestinal wall. They protrude into the interior of the colon. If they become large, they can block waste material from passing through. Polyps are the precursor to cancer.
During a screening colonoscopy, any polyps that are found will be removed so that they do not continue to grow and present a risk of cancer. Diverticular disease is a condition in which outpouchings develop in weakened sections of the lining of the colon. They may not cause any symptoms unless they become infected, which is called diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis may cause fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Diverticulitis is most often treated with antibiotics, but severe cases may need surgery. IBD causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. This can lead to signs and symptoms in the digestive tract, such as intestinal bleeding , abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Further, IBD can cause extra-intestinal complications that include fatigue, skin conditions, eye problems, and various forms of arthritis.
Thirty percent of all tumors that develop in the colon or rectum colorectal tumors are located in the ascending colon. Because the ascending colon has a wide diameter, tumors that occur here tend to be relatively large before they are discovered.
The primary treatment for colon cancer is surgery and removal of the affected section of the bowel. The masseter muscle is a facial muscle that plays a major role in the chewing of solid foods. The muscle is shaped similar to a parallelogram…. The posterior cecal artery is located in the abdomen near the lower intestines. It branches from the ileocolic artery and may branch further to the…. The anterior cecal vein is a blood vessel in the large intestine. Specifically, it serves the side of the organ that features the vermiform appendix….
The jejunum is one of three sections that make up the small intestine. Learn about its function and anatomy, as well as the conditions that can affect…. The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Together with the esophagus, large intestine, and the stomach, it forms the…. The pancreas is a glandular organ that produces a number of hormones essential to the body. People with constipation may need more fiber in their diet.
They can help soften the stool and allow it to pass more easily by:. Certain medications can also cause constipation. A person with medication-related constipation should talk with their doctor if this side effect is causing them distress.
Diarrhea has a variety of potential causes, ranging from food intolerances to viruses and bacteria. These fast contractions may cause abdominal pain and cramping that leads to colon pain. Loose stools may also irritate the anus, causing burning and stinging. Diarrhea is often short lived if a virus or food intolerance causes it.
However, some bacteria and illnesses that cause diarrhea can be severe and may lead to dehydration. Treatment options for mild diarrhea may include electrolyte drinks to prevent dehydration and a bland diet. However, a child should not use OTC medicines without their parent or caregiver first consulting a doctor. Irritable bowel syndrome IBS is a digestive condition with symptoms that often affect the colon.
IBS can cause stomach pain and cramping in the colon, usually around the time of a bowel movement. Healthcare professionals do not currently know the exact cause of IBS. However, there may be a link between IBS and increased sensitivity of the intestines or immune system. Diverticulosis is a condition wherein the colon forms small pouches, or sacs, in its walls. If any of these sacs become inflamed, it can cause pain, bleeding, and other symptoms.
When this occurs, it is called diverticulitis. Many people can reduce their risk of developing diverticulosis and diverticulitis by having regular bowel movements. They can achieve this by adopting a high fiber diet, exercising often, and staying hydrated. People who have symptoms of diverticulitis should see a doctor. In rare cases, diverticulitis can lead to serious complications. Colitis refers to a group of conditions that cause inflammation in the colon.
These conditions include:. A person may need medications, intravenous fluids, or antibiotics to treat colitis. Severe colitis sometimes requires surgery. Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in U.
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