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Primary source collections. Open Access Content. Contact us. Sales contacts. Patrick continued to promote the conversion of Ireland to Christianity by electing Church officials, creating councils, founding monasteries, and organizing Ireland into dioceses. In , Patrick was appointed bishop of Ireland, and the island is believed to have been officially converted to Christianity in In the Early Medieval Period, the era spanning the five hundred years from the fifth to the tenth centuries in Europe, slavery was a habitual and continuous practice.
Invasions and war characterized this chaotic time, and it was customary for prisoners of war or those caught in raids to be taken captive and enslaved. Celtic Ireland was no exception, and Dublin was a hub for the slave trade. Because no legal texts regarding Irish slavery in these centuries survive, scholars turn to later 11th century Gaelic manuscripts called the Brehon Laws for insight.
The lowest of these groups known as fuidhir pronounced fwi-thee-er , and included those captured in war or raids. These slaves were bound forever in service and were forbidden from receiving inheritance or owning land. Patrick would have most certainly been considered a fuidhir during the period of his enslavement.
The Catholic Church actively sought to reduce the practice of slavery in their missionary work, and St. Patrick himself was a vocal advocate against the practice. Despite his efforts, Ireland remained one of the last areas of Christian European to abolish the institution.
Although disputed by scholars, most documents state that St. Patrick passed on March 17, The day of his death is celebrated in a plethora of countries as St. Today, St. Although originally celebrated as an official feast day as early as the tenth century, St.
Of historical significance is the bloody Chicago gang shooting known as the St. The attack itself was no longer than ten minutes, but left no survivors. In modern times the holiday has become chiefly characterized by excessive drinking. In fact, it has become one of the most difficult and dangerous days of the year for law enforcement and communities nationwide.
According to the Colorado Department of Transportation, St. The report also states that 47 out of people were killed in a crash that involved drunk driving. More recently, the widely attended St.
In , 34 people were arrested and people were admitted to the hospital. Two reports of sexual assault were also filed, as well as citations for minor infractions such as public intoxication and urination. Also in , a crowd in Baltimore, Maryland, beat, robbed, and stripped an intoxicated tourist of his clothing in the street. Video of the crime was uploaded online and quickly went viral. Ireland has had its fair share of prolific criminals and dangerous gang members.
One of the bloodiest dissident groups in Irish history is known as the Irish Republican Army IRA , a paramilitary revolutionary organization. The original IRA was formed in during the Irish War of Independence, and was responsible for an extensive guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland throughout the war. The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended the war and established Ireland as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire, caused a rift within the IRA.
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