Elected for two-year terms, representatives in Congress must be sensitive to their constituents' concerns in order to be reelected. Police, their representatives and supporters tell us, ensure our freedom of speech through our ability to protest. Republican Elise Stefanik, 30, of upstate New York, just became the youngest woman ever elected to the House of Representatives.
The House of Representatives is bursting to the rafters with contenders for the title. Election of representatives from New York to consider the federal constitution held. A representative of the oil company made a press statement. See also customer representative. How representative are the views of these customers?
MARKETING a small group that contains the same mixture of people or things that is found in a bigger group , so that it is able to provide useful information about the bigger group :. The survey was sent to a representative sample of US households. Examples of representative. Their governing body is commonly open to representatives of civil society, people who risk their reputation and assume legal responsibilities for the privilege of leadership. From the Cambridge English Corpus.
Conventions are at least in theory express agreements, voluntarily entered into between the heads of or other representatives of states.
Now, clearly, liberal democratic states can and do use coercive means in order to implement policies that have been agreed amongst democratically elected representatives. Chiefs are the representatives of the orchestra; managers are in charge of management of the orchestra. By deploying the language of class, the author argues, artisans sought to present themselves as representatives of a broader working class.
Once the inconvenience of this practice was discovered, the government began to name its representatives directly, choosing from its own ranks men of known competence. Neither representatives of kanganies nor labourers, who were also not yet formally organized during this period, formed a part of it. Thirdly, and quite distinct from anything said so far, there may be an argument for representation even if the representatives do appropriate the rents.
Early modern authors practised an intellectual eclecticism, which frequently makes it difficult to describe them as representatives of one particular context or another. Rather than resist the implementation of new rules and practices, many chiefs have attempted to recast themselves as the ' authentic representatives ' of local communities.
In these issues, representatives of indigenous peoples' organisations and states had different opinions and interpretations, which were discussed at length.
As elected members of the legislature, elected representatives are expected to represent their voters in the process of lawmaking. He finds that both elected village heads and party representatives unambiguously acknowledge this. Yet at the same time, if a parliamentarian identifies as a representative of a constituency, they will probably still consider direct communication with constituents as paramount. Survey respondents were asked which method they find most reliable in determining what their constituents think, with the collated responses presented in Figures 25a and 25b.
Figure 25a: The primary method current parliamentarians use to find out what their constituents think. Figure 25b: The primary method former parliamentarians used to find out what their constituents thought.
Another interviewee supported this claim, stating that the best speeches are made in the party room rather than in the parliament. However, this parliamentarian maintained that some things need to be said behind the scenes. Many interviewees and survey respondents, particularly former parliamentarians, were critical of stronger party discipline.
A conservative parliamentarian was critical of the centralisation of power in the executive and the threats to the independence of the parliament and the Senate as institutions. Parliamentarians cede power to the party, which cedes power to the leader. They argued that true conservatives should be prepared to cross the floor.
They blamed Labor for caucusing and binding members, which was electorally successful and thus the Liberals imitated. One House interviewee argued that as much as you are representing your electorates view to the party, you have stood as a party candidate, so voters expect that you will be voting with the party.
One interviewee advised that while being conscious of preselection panels in a survival sense, if you carve a niche you will retain preselection, even if your views are not completely supported by the party.
Figure 26a: Proportions of current parliamentarians according to approximate percentage of time spent on party business. Figure 26b: Proportions of former parliamentarians according to approximate percentage of time spent on party business. For most respondents, party business takes up 10 per cent or less of their time, with only minor differences between the two groups. The only discernible difference is that a higher proportion of Senate respondents spend more than 10 per cent of their time on party business, which is consistent with the earlier finding that some Senate respondents identify as primarily party representatives.
Many minor party interviewees argued that while they held more regular and in-depth party room meetings than the major parties, that they actually spent less time arguing about a common position than in the major parties. As the Greens currently have no lower house representation, they often work on certain issues with the independent crossbench. However, being independent or in a minor party can help to leverage gains from both sides of politics, regardless of which side is in government.
Knopf, New York, , p. HF Pitkin, The concept of representation , op. S Dovi, The good representative , op. Australian Parliament House is currently closed to the public. Burke writes: Parliament is not a congress of ambassadors from different and hostile interests, which interests each must maintain, as an agent and advocate, against other agents and advocates; but Parliament is a deliberative assembly of one nation, with one interest, that of the whole—where not local prejudices ought to guide, but the general good, resulting from the general reason of the whole.
Local, national or party interests? Dovi argues that: A good democratic representative is not likely to be approved by, or even appreciated by, every one of her constituents, let alone by all citizens. Figure 24a: Who or what current parliamentarians think they primarily represent There was more variation in the responses of former senators and members, with larger proportions of respondents seeing themselves as parliamentarians-at-large and national representatives, and representing an ideology or philosophy.
Rule 26 - Standing Committees - Expenses - Subpoena Power Regardless of whether the legislature is in session, members of the house may receive from moneys appropriated for the legislature, reimbursement for necessary travel expenses, and payments in lieu of subsistence and lodging for conducting official business of the house.
The standing committees of the house may have the powers of subpoena, the power to administer oaths, and the power to issue commissions for the examination of witnesses in accordance with the provisions of chapter Before a standing committee of the house may issue any process, the committee chairperson shall submit for approval of the executive rules committee a statement of purpose setting forth the name or names of those subject to process.
The process shall not be issued prior to approval by the executive rules committee. The process shall be limited to the named individuals. It shall then be in order to proceed to reconsider the bill, refer it, lay it on the table, or postpone its consideration to a day certain. In case of a bill containing several sections or items, one or more of which has been objected to by the governor, each section or item so objected to shall be voted upon separately by the house.
Action by the house upon all vetoed bills shall be endorsed upon the bill and certified by the speaker. Vetoed bills originating in the house, which have not been passed notwithstanding the veto of the governor, shall remain in the custody of the officers of the house until the close of the term, after which they shall be filed with the secretary of state.
Any member convicted of a felony and sentenced therefor under any federal law or the law of any other state shall, as of the time of sentencing, be similarly denied such salary, per diem, expenses, facilities, and assistance if either a such crime would also constitute a crime punishable under the laws of Washington by death or by imprisonment in a state penal institution, or b the conduct resulting in the conviction and sentencing would also constitute a crime punishable under the laws of Washington by death or by imprisonment in a state penal institution.
If the conviction of a member is reversed, then the salary, per diem, and expense amounts denied the member since sentencing shall be forthwith paid, and the member shall thereafter have the rights and privileges of other members. Rule 29 - Smoking Smoking of cigarettes, pipes, or cigars shall not be permitted at any public meeting of any committee of the house of representatives or within House facilities. Rule 30 - Liquor The House of Representatives shall strictly adhere to the liquor laws of the state of Washington, including provisions relating to banquet and special occasion permits.
The proper permits must always be obtained before consumption of liquor in any house facility. Rule 31 - Parliamentary Rules The rules of parliamentary practice comprised in Reed's Parliamentary Rules shall govern all cases in which they are not inconsistent with the standing rules and orders of the house. Rule 32 - Standing Rules Amendment Any standing rule may be rescinded or changed by a majority vote of the members elected: PROVIDED, That the proposed change or changes be submitted at least one day in advance in writing to the members together with notice of the consideration thereof.
Rule 33 - Rules to Apply for Assembly The permanent house rules adopted at the beginning of the term are to govern all acts of the house during the course of the term unless amended or repealed. Reed's Parliamentary Rules and the Rules of the House of Representatives are hereby superseded to the extent they are inconsistent with the rules set forth in this appendix.
House members shall participate remotely in official house proceedings, including committee meetings and floor sessions, and when doing so, shall be considered present for purposes of a quorum and voting. Members are required to use computers provided by the house to cast votes in remote floor sessions and are required to use the virtual background provided by the house for their video display. Admittance to house facilities is permitted only as follows: 1 The speaker, the speaker pro tempore, the deputy speaker pro tempore, the minority leader, the majority floor leader, the minority floor leader, and staff essential to floor operations are permitted in the chamber during floor proceedings.
Each caucus must prioritize members with technological problems that preclude remote participation. The executive rules committee may modify provisions relating to admittance to house facilities as conditions warrant. House resolutions are not subject to debate, except for resolutions necessary for the operation of the house, and resolutions commemorating Day of Remembrance, Martin Luther King Jr.
Floor debate on commemorative resolutions is limited to 10 minutes for members of the majority caucus and 10 minutes for members of the minority caucus.
Members Right to Debate Rule A Any member who desires to speak may request to be recognized by use of the request to speak function in the remote floor activity system.
Amendments Rule A To facilitate the orderly consideration of legislation, the speaker, after consultation with the minority leader, may establish a deadline for submission of amendments. Voting Rule A The speaker shall divide the house on all motions not requiring a recorded roll call vote.
A member is not required to participate in a division vote. All members present in the remote floor proceedings shall vote when the question is put on any motion requiring a recorded roll call vote. Before locking the roll call machine, the speaker shall call the name of any member not voting.
If a member is unable to vote using the remote voting function, the member may vote orally. If a member is unable to vote using the remote voting function or orally, the rostrum staff shall contact the member by telephone and the member's vote may be taken by telephone to rostrum staff after the member answers security questions to verify the identity of the member.
The rostrum staff will announce the vote of the member, which shall be recorded. Any member who was unable to vote using the remote voting function, orally, or by telephone may require reconsideration of the vote on the same day the vote is taken or submit a statement for the journal within 48 hours indicating their intent to vote yea or nay.
Any requirement to distribute materials to members' desks is satisfied by distribution through electronic means. Duties of Committees Rule A Every notice of a committee meeting shall include a web address for information about viewing and providing public testimony at committee meetings in lieu of a physical location.
Every member participating remotely in a committee meeting shall be considered present for purposes of quorum and roll call voting.
Only such bills as are included on the written notice of a committee meeting may be considered at that meeting. Every report and recommendation shall be made by members of the committee during a regularly called meeting of the committee. No signatures are required. Every vote to report a bill out of committee shall be taken by the yeas and nays, with nays specifying "do not pass" or "without recommendation. Term of Appendix Rules Rule A Highlights Title. Highlights Box Content.
Highlights Title 2. Highlights Box 2 Content. Site Contents Selected content listed in alphabetical order under each group. Rule 1 - Definitions. Rule 2 - Chief Clerk to Call to Order. Rule 3 - Election of Officers. Rule 4 - Powers and Duties of the Speaker.
Rule 5 - Chief Clerk. Rule 6 - Executive Rules Committee. Rule 7 - Duties of Employees. Rule 8 - Admission to the House.
Rule 9 - Absentees and Courtesy. Rule 10 - Bills, Memorials and Resolutions - Introductions. Rule 11 - Reading of Bills. Rule 12 - Amendments. Rule 13 - Final Passage. Rule 15 - Daily Calendar and Order of Business. Rule 16 - Motions. Rule 17 - Members Right to Debate. Rule 18 - Rules of Debate. Rule 19 - Ending of Debate - Previous Question. Rule 20 - Voting. Rule 21 - Reconsideration.
Rule 22 - Call of the House.
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